The 12V 25W Permanent Magnet DC Motor is a compact brushed DC motor designed for robotics, automation, machinery, DIY projects, and other applications requiring reliable continuous rotary motion.
Operating from a 12V DC supply, the motor provides 25W rated output power with a no-load speed of approximately 1800RPM. Its direction can be reversed by changing the supply polarity, while motor speed can be controlled using a suitable DC motor speed controller or PWM driver.
The motor features an 8mm diameter D-cut output shaft, replaceable carbon brushes, approximately 2000 hours specified brush life, and smooth, quiet operation.
Key Features
- 12V DC operation
- 25W rated output power
- Permanent magnet brushed DC motor
- Approx. 1800RPM no-load speed
- Reversible rotation
- Speed controllable
- Suitable for PWM speed control
- 8mm diameter output shaft
- D-cut shaft profile
- Replaceable brushes
- Approx. 2000-hour specified brush life
- Smooth and quiet operation
- Rated for continuous use
- Suitable for robotics and automation
- Compact general-purpose motor
12V DC Operation
The motor is designed to operate from a nominal:
12V DC
A suitable DC power supply or battery capable of providing the required motor current should be used.
25W Output Power
The motor provides a rated output power of:
25W
This makes it suitable for small mechanical drive systems requiring more power than typical miniature hobby motors.
1800RPM No-Load Speed
The specified no-load speed is approximately:
1800RPM
Actual motor speed under load will normally be lower and depends on:
- Mechanical load
- Supply voltage
- Motor current
- Motor temperature
- Speed controller
- Mechanical transmission
Current Consumption
The specified current consumption is:
-
No-Load Current: Approx. 1.7A
-
Loaded Current: Approx. 3.6A at 12V
The motor driver and power supply should therefore be selected with adequate current capacity.
Motor startup or stall current can be significantly higher than the normal running current.
Reversible Rotation
As a brushed DC motor, the direction of rotation can be reversed by reversing the polarity applied to the motor terminals.
This allows both:
- Clockwise rotation
- Counterclockwise rotation
For automatic bidirectional control using a microcontroller, an appropriately rated H-bridge motor driver can be used.
Speed Control
Motor speed can be controlled by adjusting the effective power delivered to the motor.
A suitable PWM DC motor speed controller is generally recommended for efficient electronic speed control.
This makes the motor suitable for applications requiring adjustable rotational speed.
8mm D-Cut Shaft
The motor features an:
8mm diameter D-cut output shaft
The flat section of the D-shaft helps provide a secure mechanical connection to compatible:
- Couplings
- Pulleys
- Sprockets
- Gears
- Wheels
- Hubs
Always verify the coupling dimensions before installation.
Replaceable Brushes
The motor uses a brushed construction with replaceable brushes.
The specified brush life is approximately:
2000 Hours
Actual brush life can vary depending on motor load, speed, operating temperature, start/stop frequency, environment, and maintenance.
The replaceable design can help extend the useful service life of the motor.
Continuous Operation
The motor is specified for continuous-duty operation when used within its rated electrical, mechanical, and thermal limits.
Adequate ventilation and correct loading are important during extended operating periods.
Technical Specifications
-
Motor Type: Permanent Magnet Brushed DC Motor
-
Rated Voltage: 12V DC
-
Rated Output Power: 25W
-
No-Load Speed: Approx. 1800RPM
-
No-Load Current: Approx. 1.7A
-
Loaded Current: Approx. 3.6A at 12V
-
Rotation: Reversible
-
Speed Control: Supported
-
Recommended Control Method: PWM
-
Shaft Diameter: 8mm
-
Shaft Type: D-Cut
-
Brushes: Replaceable
-
Specified Brush Life: Approx. 2000 Hours
-
Duty: Continuous
-
Operation: Smooth & Quiet
Microcontroller Control
The motor must not be connected directly to an Arduino, ESP32, Raspberry Pi, Raspberry Pi Pico, or other microcontroller GPIO pin.
The motor requires several amps of current, far beyond what a GPIO pin can provide.
For microcontroller control, use an appropriately rated motor driver.
For one-direction speed control:
Microcontroller → PWM Motor Driver / MOSFET → Motor
For forward and reverse control:
Microcontroller → H-Bridge Motor Driver → Motor
The driver should be selected with sufficient current margin above the motor's normal 3.6A loaded current, while also accounting for the potentially much higher startup and stall current.
Power Supply Requirements
Use a regulated 12V DC power source capable of supplying the motor's required current.
Because startup current can be considerably higher than the normal operating current, selecting a power supply with sufficient current headroom is recommended.
A supply rated only for exactly 3.6A may not provide adequate startup performance under mechanical load.
Typical Applications
- Robotics
- Mobile robots
- Automation systems
- Conveyor systems
- Small machinery
- Rotating platforms
- Mechanical prototypes
- Educational projects
- DIY equipment
- Motorized mechanisms
- Pumps
- Fans
- Gear-driven systems
- Laboratory equipment
- Industrial prototypes
Important Mechanical Note
The motor is specified with an 8mm D-cut shaft.
Before selecting a wheel, pulley, gear, sprocket, or shaft coupling, confirm:
- 8mm bore compatibility
- Shaft engagement length
- Required torque
- Operating speed
- Mechanical load
Important Electrical Note
The specified 3.6A loaded current is not the motor's stall current.
A DC motor can draw substantially more current during startup or when the shaft is stalled. The exact stall current is not provided in the supplied specifications.
Motor drivers, switches, wiring, connectors, and protection devices should therefore be selected with appropriate current margin.
Package Includes
Motor driver, speed controller, power supply, mounting hardware, shaft coupling, gears, wheels, and other accessories are not included.
